“In those cases where it is determined that an existing situation involves a distinct hazard to life or property, the authority having jurisdiction shall be permitted to require inspection, testing, and maintenance methods in excess of those required by the standard.”

The bottom line is we are relying on a minimum standard to reasonably protect life and property. If the fire sprinkler system is deemed less than that, you can go beyond the requirements of the NFPA 25 standard.

This takes us to a new standard, NFPA 915, Standard for Remote Inspections and Tests. The purpose of this standard states, “This standard shall provide the minimum requirements for the procedures, methods, transmission, data collection, and documentation associated with remote inspections and tests, automated inspection and testing, and distance monitoring performed in accordance with other governing laws, codes, and standards.”

The standard also states: “The purpose of this standard shall be to provide minimum requirements for remote inspections and tests, automated inspection and testing, and distance monitoring to deliver an equivalent or improved result than that which would be obtained with other inspection, testing, and monitoring methods.”

What I like about this standard is the data collection, remote and automated inspection along with the monitoring. We will discuss this further, but let’s get a little background on the creation of NFPA 915 first.

In 2018, NFPA approved the creation of the Technical Committee on Remote Inspections; I have included the origin and development.

ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT

Interest in the concept of remote inspections began in earnest at NFPA with the NFPA Building Code Development Committee (BCDC), a former NFPA advisory committee that explored this topic over several years. In 2017, an NFPA Journal article, “Verified by Video,” written by the BCDC chair (and the first chair of the Technical Committee on Remote Inspections) Jim Muir, was published. The article described the author’s experience with his jurisdiction’s remote inspection program, introducing this concept to a wider fire protection audience. In April 2018, the NFPA Standards Council received a project request to explore the creation of a new technical committee to develop a standard on remote inspections. In August 2018, the NFPA BCDC published a white paper, “Conducting Remote Video Inspections,” which provided an overview of remote inspection methodologies at the time, as well as practical considerations for application.

In December 2018, the NFPA Standards Council approved the creation of the Technical Committee on Remote Inspections, after which a call for members was posted.

Draft development of what would become NFPA 915, Standard for Remote Inspections and Tests, began in August 2019 and was completed in May 2020. In March 2020, the world experienced the COVID-19 pandemic, which accelerated interest in remote inspection uses and capabilities. In August 2020, the NFPA Standards Council approved the technical committee’s request to enter NFPA 915 into its initial revision cycle for public review. The technical committee met in 2021 and 2022 to revise the standard in accordance with the NFPA standards development process, creating the inaugural edition of NFPA 915, Standard for Remote Inspections and Tests, 2024 Edition.

Key concepts from the inaugural edition include, but are not limited to, the following:

1. The standard applies to remote inspections, tests, automated inspections and testing, and distance monitoring, where permitted by the authority having jurisdiction (AHJ) (Chapter 1).
2. Several new definitions have been created to help define terms as used within the document. (Chapter 3).
3. Responsibilities for the property owner or designated representative, contractor of work, entity performing remote inspections or tests, and the AHJ (Chapter 4).
4. Location and timestamp requirements (Chapter 5).
5. Data collection/transmission devices, grouped as wireless, digital, nondigital, vehicles, and other data collection/transmission devices (Chapter 6).
6. Data collection formats, grouped as video, audio, photography, written, automated testing, and other formats (Chapter 7).
7. Data and content protection, retention, and ownership requirements (Chapter 8).

The original concept dealt more with the authority having jurisdiction (AHJ) having the ability to remotely witness an inspection; however, this document was expanded due to COVID-19 as inspections, testing and maintenance was put on hold in some areas and delayed for obvious reasons in others.

All this information brings us back to data collection — remote and automated inspection and monitoring, and what it can do for fire and life safety. These systems may have flow switches, pressure switches, tamper switches, solenoid valves for electric release, low/high air switches, fire pump controllers and jockey pump controllers that most of the time connect to a fire alarm system. But what are they telling us about the system other than that these components are idle or in the correct status as designed? What if we could get more information and collect that information; wouldn’t this lead to seeing potential issues that could be corrected prior to an impairment that would make the system or part of the system inactive? What if we could detect a jockey pump that seems to run twice as much as it usually does; could this indicate a small leak that can be located and fixed prior to flooding a building? It absolutely could and has; in a recent installation, the end-user opened the Peerless FireConnect® dashboard to review his system. Peerless FireConnect® showed that the jockey pump ran 60 times before midday, when the average was fewer than 20 runs a day. An immediate investigation was therefore carried out, which identified a leak in the system piping.

The United Association Education and Training Department recently began teaming up with Peerless FireConnect® to monitor the fire pumps in three of our training modules. These 8-foot-by-40-foot freight containers house three fire pumps that we use for training sprinkler fitters who install fire protection systems. This technology can assist in capturing the data during a fire pump test, a fire event, a maintenance issue, and so on. It can also assist in predicting and preventing a failure in the future, potentially saving lives and property damage. There are fire sprinkler monitoring solutions, which is a step in the right direction.

The Smart Connected Fire Sprinkler Monitoring solution from Johnson Controls is a proactive approach to fire sprinkler system monitoring. We’re advancing safety and security by finding smarter ways to save lives, improve businesses and protect where people live and work.

The Siemens Fire Digital Services Bundle provides advanced remote viewing and notification capabilities for Desigo fire alarm systems. This bundle includes a customer service portal, which allows you utilize system performance reporting to analyze events and trends that could affect your business. You can also access your eLogbook for a comprehensive view of fire alarm events, service tickets, and other inspection logs.

These two services use sensors that continuously gather fire sprinkler system data such as pressure, temperature and water presence. The information is relayed to the customer dashboard via the cloud. A proactive notification is sent to the customer identifying the time and location of the adverse condition. This is a good start, but I believe this needs to go further and relieve the building owner from having to check on the status of their fire protection system(s).

There is so much more that we can monitor than just pressure, temperature and water present. However, all of this comes with a cost, and we know money drives the conversation and it’s easy to price yourself out of the market. We need to be aware of this and proceed down the path of least resistance. Generally speaking, 20% of the cost of a building happens during construction, and 80% of the cost is operating and maintenance. This is where I believe a digital twin of the fire protection system can play a roll in monitoring these systems and making sure they remain in compliance.

A digital twin is a virtual representation of an object or system designed to accurately reflect a physical object. It spans the object’s lifecycle, is updated from real-time data, and uses simulation, machine learning and reasoning to help make decisions.

Creating a digital twin of fire protection systems for training is where the UA Education and Training Department is heading. We have great partnerships with design software, digital and automation companies and we will be working with them to find the path of least resistance to meet and exceed the requirements of the various codes and standards that affect our industry.

Why are we doing this? It’s simple; we want to ensure that we are keeping up with technology and we are prepared to inspect, test and maintain these life safety systems. The goal is to collect data and create instances of predictable failures that we can predict and prevent. There is much more work to be done, but we are moving forward with technology and training to it!

ASSE Series 15000, Professional Qualifications Standard for the Inspection, Testing and Maintenance of Water-Based Fire Protection Systems, recently completed a revision in which recertification may be accomplished by successfully passing a practical exam or interactive virtual inspection that encompasses aspects of ASSE Standard 15010, Professional Qualifications Standard for the Inspection, Testing and Maintenance of Water-Based Fire Protection Systems. The interactive virtual inspection platform requires the approval of the certification body. We are trying to determine the best option for utilizing this recertification option utilizing digital twin technology.

The post Building Management Systems, Fire Protection Monitoring & Digital Twins appeared first on Working Pressure Magazine.

But what actually is the IoT? The Internet of Things, or IoT, refers to the billions of physical devices around the world that are now connected to the Internet. As they connect to the Internet via the cloud or building automation system, companies are able to collect, utilize, transform, and share that data. However, technology alone is not enough. If you don’t have the customer at the center, technology will fail. The strategy’s core has to be around customers’ evolving needs, and not only technology. In other words, there needs to be a tangible benefit to us as certified testers, building owners, water utilities and other stakeholders in the protection of our safe drinking water. Operational efficiency, remote control, real-time information, predictive maintenance and automation are key to justifying why this makes sense to embrace as an industry.

Backflow prevention assemblies such as RPZ (ASSE 1013) and DC (ASSE 1015) have been tested and inspected using proven methods and test procedures that have been developed by our leading industry experts. To be clear, I am not suggesting we change this; rather, we should look at using this new technology to enhance public drinking water safety. Backflow preventors and IoT technology have not really been synonymous with each other, until now. IoT technology has allowed integrated flood sensors on RPZs to detect excessive water discharges from the relief valve and notify you anywhere, anytime. Fire tamper switches on OS&Y gate valves have evolved and are more reliable, and backflow valve performance monitoring has recently come to the market and can now provide live pressure updates to building management systems.

SOME ADVANTAGES INCLUDE:

• Real-time monitoring of multiple backflow prevention assemblies to mitigate risk of flood damage and waste.
• Water conservation, as an RPZ can dump hundreds of gallons of water before someone notices. That is not only wasteful but can be extremely costly in regions where water is heavily conserved like California and the Southwest.
• RPZs are being specified by engineers for their high hazard protection; specifically, ASCE has a water conservation initiative to support programs of sustainability.
• Flood sensor monitoring is becoming more prevalent with RPZs being used in fire sprinkler lines. It’s important to note that these lines can’t be non-operational for more than four hours before a firewatch must be implemented, and there are some hefty violations associated with down systems. If a flood sensor is used, notification could be responded to immediately, reducing the risk of those fines.

SO, WHY FLOOD DETECTION?

Water damage is the leading cause of property damage, exceeding both fire and theft. On average, commercial water damage costs $11,000 to $24,000 for minor flood events. Major flooding can cost as much as $75,000. Water and mold damage costs insurance companies $2.5 billion every year. Also, there is a high risk of black mold in humid climates. Most RPZ relief valve discharge is visually monitored. It is important not to let hours, days or even weeks go by before someone notices.

Here is a solution to this risk: RPZ flood sensor technology. When activated through an add-on sensor connection kit, the flood sensor relays a signal that triggers notification to qualified service personnel who can take corrective action, thus avoiding the possibility of excessive flooding and costly damage.

Also, this sensor kit can be connected to an automated control valve (ACV) upstream to shut off the water supply of potable water.

These sensor connection kits can communicate directly with a third-party building management systems (BMS) and cellular gateway communication devices. For those of you who aren’t familiar with a BMS, it’s basically a computer-based system that uses a standard MODBUS RTU communication protocol that allows most of the building systems to talk to the BMS. This gives users the capability of monitoring and managing everything from one central system. A BMS receives data from system sensors in real time and can introduce automation to control those systems and send notifications to turn on alarms when system thresholds are exceeded or sensors are tripped. The first flood detection kit that is available is the BMS sensor kit. It is designed to directly connect to an existing BMS using standard MODBUS protocols.

It’s important to note that there also are retro sensor kits available for existing customer RPZs that have an interest in taking advantage of this technology. This type of flood sensor kit has been around a little while and has proven results.

Cellular gateway flood sensor kits are fairly new to the market. Able to connect to any available cellular signal, they are the perfect solution when no BMS connection is available. This is an app-driven technology, where you build a user profile and designate a facilitator to receive multi-channel notifications of a discharge event via email, text or phone. The app allows you to add multiple backflows to a dashboard for monitoring, which can be extremely advantageous if a facilitator has multiple buildings with backflow preventers to monitor. There are also retro kits available for existing RPZs.

We are going to switch gears a little and talk about performance monitoring. Recently introduced to the market, performance monitoring of backflow preventors allows users to monitor their performance 24/7 rather than once a year when they are tested. It utilizes advance pressure sensors located at three test cocks, as that allows constant monitoring at three different zones. Pressure-monitoring sensors can be activated on these valves with the purchase of add-on activation kits. Once you have activated the pressure monitoring system, users can access live pressure data with their existing BMS.

With constant pressure measurements, users gain valuable advanced warning of potential issues without the need for visual monitoring, adding a layer of protection to the potable water supply from potential backflow events or unauthorized water usage.

Information sent from three sensors gives users the ability to monitor pressure performance in real time using that same MODBUS RTU protocol. The data received then populates a customized dashboard in building management systems where one can see the pressure changes taking place within the valve and start to collect a differential history that will tell a story of water pressure changes within a backflow preventor 24/7 like never before.

To summarize and provide a high-level visual of how pressure monitoring works, pressure sensors detect a change in pressure within one of the valves zones, and an analog-to-digital protocol is used to convert the data to MODBUS format and transmit to the BMS. From there a system integrator programs the information into the customer’s BMS to be displayed in various ways, allowing the user to set up alerts for normal or abnormal working ranges. This gives the building facilitators the ability to be proactive instead of reactive to a backflow event.

As you all know, backflow preventors are required on fire sprinkler systems, and as we learned earlier those systems must always be on. Whether it happens intentionally or accidentally, closing the control valve effectively turns off the sprinkler system. Tamper switches help ensure that fire sprinklers are always operational in an emergency. Tamper switches comply with NFPA 13, indicating fire sprinkler system valves must be electronically supervised with the use of a tamper switch connected directly to a BMS or a fire alarm panel (FAP). If the valve handle makes two rotations or the stem moves more than 20% from the open position, an alarm signal will be sent to the monitoring panel.

I am sure you have all seen fire sprinkler valves with chains locking the OS&Y handles so they can’t be turned. This method is widely used, especially in markets where the backflow preventor is installed outside with a new monitoring panel to connect to. However, chains can be cut and removed, and valves shut off; you wouldn’t know until the monthly inspection is completed. Electronic tamper switches connected to a monitoring panel are the only way to know for sure if a fire sprinkler valve is operational.

Integrated butterfly tamper switches are now common on many valves and function very well. The valve check is directly connected to the stem and OS&Y and the integrated tamper switch is attached to the stem with an indicator flag showing inspectors if the valve is open or closed. Butterfly tamper switches connect directly to the FAP and will signal valve movement if the yoke is turned more than two times from open. This is a solid and reliable design for these types of backflow preventors.

Bracket-mounted tamper switches became available for OS&Y gates and have been in use for some time. However, bracket-mounted options have some challenges, as they require a few people to install and several steps to become properly mounted, including filing a grove into the stem so the activation plunger has good contact with the tamper switch.

Calibration can be difficult so it doesn’t send a false positive signal. Since it is bracket mounted, there is a chance of the bracket becoming loose during valve mait, causing a false alarm notification and needing to be recalibrated. If a tamper alarm is sent, fire inspectors may come out to check it, but they won’t touch it. Consequently, there will be lost time and money getting an electrician familiar with tamper switches to come out and get it working properly again.

The best solution on the market for OS&Y gates is the new integrated tamper switch. The integrated supervisory tamper switch on the OS&Y model is preinstalled, calibrated and tested at the factory. It shall have continuity with the valve fully open and activate within two (2) turns from open. The device consists of two SPDT (single pole and double throw) switches and is designed to send a tamper signal when the valve is closed or if the switch is removed from the valve.

How does it work? In the neutral position, the switch indicates the valve is fully open. Closing the valve causes the switch plunger to come out of the valve stem groove, activating the switch.

This design is solid; the gates are grooved at the factory and the tamper switch bolts directly onto the gate. It will not become loose during maintenance cycles and simply requires the pigtail to be wired to the monitoring panel. A wiring diagram is right on the switch for easy wiring instructions. This design saves time and money, and is the most reliable tamper switch option on the market for OS&Y gates.

It’s a very exciting time to be involved in our backflow prevention industry. As we see these new technologies emerge and embrace training to feel comfortable with how to install and properly advise customers on their many benefits, we will be able to do even more to protect our safe drinking water.

The post Backflow Prevention and the IoT (Internet Of Things) appeared first on Working Pressure Magazine.

Other differences you will see on backflow assemblies used in fire protection systems are with the number one and number two shutoff valves. These valves must be of an indicating type so you will not find the non-rising stem gate valves you find on many larger domestic backflow prevention assemblies. The shutoff valves will also be supervised valves, which will either contain tamper switches or be locked in the open position. The NFPA also requires a minimum of a five-second closure time for the valve, so a ball or butterfly valve will have an operator wheel instead of a valve handle for closure. Since a fire system may be under both backpressure and backsiphonage conditions you will not see the use of vacuum breakers of any kind as cross-connection control protection on these systems.

It is important to remember that testing a backflow prevention assembly on a fire system will require additional steps both before and after the test. The system in almost every case will be monitored and alarmed. In a normal test of a backflow assembly on a domestic system we will simply ask for and receive permission to shut the assembly down to conduct the testing. With a fire protection system, you will need to notify the alarm monitoring company — and possibly the fire department — that you will be working on the system. Failure to take this crucial step may result in fire trucks arriving at your test site and significant fines for the unnecessary response. The simple act of closing a large gate valve can also activate a flow switch or may even cause a dry valve to open, so it is important that you either understand the system on which you are working, that you have facility people who understand the system working with you, or that you bring along a fire protection technician to aid you both before and after conducting the backflow assembly testing.

Once the testing is completed and the assembly is returned to the open position, a flow test must be completed to ensure the shutoff valves have opened completely. This may require either a main drain test or a forward flow test. This step is critical to ensure that you have returned this fire protection to service. As someone who has worked in the plumbing and mechanical industry for 46-plus years I have seen gate valves, ball valves and butterfly valves that have failed to open even though the valve stem or valve handle moved back into the open position. That is why the flow test is so important when testing on a fire protection system, which is normally in a no-flow or static condition. On a domestic water system with normal water use a consumer or tester will detect a failed shutoff valve when issues occur doing normal water usage. On a fire protection system this issue may cause a catastrophic failure in the event of an actual fire occurring at the facility.

Some backflow testers think they can avoid any shutoff valve issues by simply never closing either of the backflow assembly’s shutoff valves when performing a field test. They assume the assembly is in a static or no-flow condition and conduct the testing with the assembly shutoff valves in the open position. There are several problems with this approach. The first is that they are modifying the field test procedure. The cornerstones of any testing program are the accurate use of the accepted field test procedure, the certified tester using that field test procedure correctly, and the accuracy of their testing equipment. Think of it like a three-legged stool — if you take one of the legs away the stool falls. The same is true of a testing program where individual testers create their own versions of a field test procedure.

If we conduct a field test on a double-check or a reduced-pressure principle assembly and do not close the number two shutoff how do we ensure the assembly is in a no-flow or static condition? If we use a backpressure test on the second check, are we raising the downstream pressure enough to cause a flow switch to trip, or a dry valve to activate? If we do not follow a valid test procedure, we are not conducting a valid field test. Fire systems can be extremely complicated. Dry valves, deluge systems, fire pumps, antifreeze loops, and the list goes on. If you do not understand how the systems work, your choice is to bring someone with you who does understand the system and can do the required flow testing when you are finished, or don’t field test assemblies of fire protection systems. It really is that simple.

Testing backflow assemblies on at least an annual basis is critical to protecting our water supply. Doing it correctly every time is just as important. Let us do it right, every time.

The post Domestic Assemblies vs Fire Protection Assemblies appeared first on Working Pressure Magazine.

The 7002 Viking Foam Fire Protection System Training is an extensive course, meticulously designed to cover various aspects of Viking Foam systems. Limited to 10 students per session, the course ensures personalized instruction and hands-on training opportunities. Hosted at Washtenaw Community College in Ann Arbor, Michigan, this course combines theoretical knowledge with practical exercises to provide a comprehensive learning experience.

The course is divided into several modules, each focusing on specific components and systems within Viking Foam fire protection. Key areas of study include the Wet system, Pre-action system, Deluge system, and Pilot Regulating Flow Control Deluge system. These systems are integral to the modern fire protection landscape when used alongside foam bladder tanks, proportioning devices, foam concentrate, and various discharge devices. The course aims to produce proficient specialists capable of handling these systems with confidence and expertise.

The journey begins with an overview of Viking Foam systems, emphasizing their significance in fire protection. Students are introduced to the various applications of these systems, particularly in industrial settings and other high-risk areas. The course also highlights the importance of adhering to safety protocols and the correct use of personal protective equipment (PPE).

A critical component of the course is the understanding of how the various Viking valves operate in conjunction with the various foam components. This course delves into the detailed breakdown of Viking valves. Understanding these valves and their components is crucial for effective operation and maintenance. Students engage in hands-on activities to identify and operate these components, gaining practical experience that reinforces theoretical knowledge.

Proper installation is essential for the optimal performance of Viking Foam systems. Students are guided through a step-by-step process of installing these systems in compliance with various applicable NFPA codes. Best practices for ensuring proper setup and operation are thoroughly discussed, complemented by hands-on exercises to reinforce learning and practical application.

Students explore the operational principles of foam fire protection systems. They learn how these systems work, including the mechanics of foam generation and distribution. Various types of foam systems and their specific applications are discussed by covering typical installation sites such as industrial facilities and aircraft hangars.

Regular inspection, testing and maintenance (ITM) is essential to ensure the longevity and reliability of fire protection systems. This course outlines the ITM procedures for Viking Foam systems, including routine checks and servicing tasks per NFPA 25 and the manufacturers’ recommendations. Handson demonstrations help students understand and perform these maintenance activities effectively. ITM is critical for verifying the readiness and functionality of fire protection systems. Students learn the guidelines for ITM of Viking Foam systems and the protocols for conducting tests, with a comprehensive checklist provided to facilitate thorough ITM procedures.

Even with regular maintenance, issues can arise in foam systems. This course focuses on identifying and resolving common problems. Students are taught troubleshooting techniques through practical scenarios and exercises, enhancing their problem-solving skills and ensuring they are prepared to handle real-world challenges.

Hands-on training is a cornerstone of the 7002 Viking Foam Fire Protection System Training course. Practical exercises allow students to apply the knowledge gained in previous modules to real-life situations. These exercises include installing, inspecting, testing and maintaining — along with troubleshooting — foam systems. Instructors use demonstration checklists and discussions to evaluate student performance and understanding.

Safety is a paramount concern throughout the course. Students must adhere to all safety protocols and use proper PPE during hands-on activities. Instructors provide detailed safety guidelines and monitor compliance, ensuring that students not only learn the technical aspects of Viking Foam systems but also prioritize safety in their professional practice. This training equips professionals with the skills necessary to ensure the safety and protection of high risk environments, contributing to overall fire safety and prevention efforts. Graduates of this course will be proficient in explaining the operation of Viking valves and their components, describing the operation and installation of foam systems, and demonstrating the installation, inspection, testing, maintenance and troubleshooting of different foam systems.

In the realm of fire protection, the 7002 Viking Foam Fire Protection System Training course stands out as a vital educational opportunity for professionals seeking to enhance their expertise. The blend of theoretical and practical training ensures that students are well-prepared to meet the demands of their roles in enhancing fire safety and protecting lives and property in various high-risk settings.

By focusing on the essential aspects of Viking Foam systems, including installation, inspection, testing, maintenance and troubleshooting, this course provides a robust foundation for fire protection specialists. The emphasis on safety and proper use of PPE further ensures that graduates are not only technically proficient but also committed to maintaining high safety standards in their professional practice. As a result, the 7002 Viking Foam Fire Protection System Training course plays a crucial role in advancing fire protection knowledge and skills, ultimately contributing to safer industrial environments and communities.

The course is led by two seasoned experts in the field of fire protection: With more than 50 years of experience, Rob Ivey is a UA Master Instructor. His extensive expertise encompasses the installation, maintenance and troubleshooting of various fire protection systems. Rob is committed to providing practical, hands-on training that equips students with the skills needed to excel in the field. Rob sits on the NFPA Technical Committee for NFPA 11, Standard for Low-, Medium-, and High-Expansion Foam.

Derek Miles brings extensive experience in sprinkler systems and fire protection to the course. His focus on the practical aspects of system operation and maintenance ensures that students gain valuable insights and hands-on experience. Derek emphasizes the importance of safety and best practices in all aspects of fire protection training.

The post Modern Training for Foam Fire Protection appeared first on Working Pressure Magazine.

As I mentioned in my last column, I cut my teeth in our industry designing backflow preventers. I learned early on of their health and safety benefits, and how they ensure water flows only in its intended direction. Backflow preventers are especially important in fire sprinkler systems, because the isolated water contained in them is hopefully infrequently used. As many a fitter will attest from their experience pulling a fire sprinkler from an older system, the stagnant water within the pipes is often foul smelling and discolored. Chemical and microbially induced corrosion are the chief culprits that cause this rank, stained and sometimes viscous water. Additionally, wet pipe fire sprinkler piping that is exposed to freezing temperatures is usually protected with an antifreeze solution. Obviously, this is water nobody would want to drink.

From the beginning, fire protection and backflow professionals have shared an alliance. Fire suppression system designers must consider pressure and overall flow requirements when sizing the system to ensure full flow at the most remote sprinkler head from the water supply.

Anything that robs pressure (like a backflow preventer) can be a cause of concern. Backflow professionals’ focus is on proactively protecting the potable water supply. Given these constructs, I have been pleasantly surprised to see these two groups work together to deliver fire sprinkler systems that meet the goals of each.

There are a few exceptions concerning when backflow protection is required on fire sprinkler systems. For residential applications, many installations today are the flow-through type that do not allow water to stagnate, so no backflow preventer is required. Dry standpipe systems also require no protection because they are not connected to potable water when not in use.

Section 603.5.14 of the 2024 Uniform Plumbing Code (UPC®) states: Except as provided in Section 603.5.14.1 and Section 603.5.14.2, potable water supplies to fire protection systems that are normally under pressure, including but not limited to standpipes and automatic sprinkler systems, except in one- or two-family or townhouse residential sprinkler systems, piped in materials approved for potable water distribution systems shall be protected from backpressure and backsiphonage by one of the following testable devices:

1. Double check valve backflow prevention assembly (DC)
2. Double check detector fire protection backflow prevention assembly (DCDA)
3. Reduced pressure principle backflow prevention assembly (RP)
4. Reduced pressure detector fire protection backflow prevention assembly (RPDA)

Based on my experience fielding calls from building owners, water consumers and inspectors, the two most misunderstood types of backflow preventers are the detector assemblies, DCDAs and RPDAs. What are they exactly? Simply put, they are enhanced versions of their namesake double check or reduced pressure principle backflow preventers. The detector assemblies have a bypass line that contains smaller versions of the mainline assemblies. Additionally, the bypass line contains a water meter and/or alarm signaling device. Since fire lines typically are not metered, unauthorized water use or leakage is detected in the bypass line, which accepts the first flow of up to 2 gpm (0.13 l/s).

Whether to specify a DCDA or RPDA on a fire service line depends on the degree of hazard. The two section exceptions noted in the UPC above make the distinction for us — fire department connections or when antifreeze, corrosion inhibitors, or other chemicals are added to a fire protection system creates a high hazard and necessitates the use of an RPDA. If a fire protection system contains only aesthetically unpleasant stagnant water with no chemicals added, no health hazard is present and a DCDA may be used.

Most inquiries I have received over the years were in regard to the Type II version of each assembly. In Type II detector assemblies, the mainline’s first check valve is used for both the mainline and the bypass, affording the same protection as a traditional detector assembly, but with fewer components and thereby producing an assembly with a more compact footprint.

Given the title of my column, I suppose now would be a good time to cite the relevant standards: Both ASSE 1047, Performance Requirements for Reduced Pressure Detector Backflow Prevention Assemblies, and ASSE 1048, Performance Requirements for Double Check Backflow Prevention Assemblies, were first published in 1990. ASSE 1047 and ASSE 1048 include 21 and 15 functional tests, respectively. Each also includes an optional one-year field test for those jurisdictions that require it.

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Let’s look at sizes first. ASSE 1003 covers valves with nominal device sizes ranging from one-half inch to 4 inches, while ASSE 1103 covers devices from 1 ¼ inches up to 12 inches in diameter. To test these larger devices, it is likely the client will need to accommodate on-site “witness” testing. Most labs will not have the capacity to test the larger devices due to the high flow rates required.

Another way in which the devices are different is the manner in which the pressure is maintained. An ASSE 1003 device controls pressure using a spring-loaded valve, while an ASSE 1103 device uses a pilot valve that drives the main valve to regulate the pressure. The difference in how pressure is maintained has also led to differences in how the devices are tested. Common to both standards are a seal performance, hydrostatic, temperature range, reduced pressure deviation, minimum reduced pressure and a reduced pressure adjustment range test. While ASSE 1003 has a capacity and a bypass relief test, the tests were not included in ASSE 1103, as they were deemed not relevant. As a result, while an ASSE 1003 device is required to display a reduced pressure range, no such requirement exists for an ASSE 1103 device.

One other minor difference between the two standards is the pressures at which the reduced pressure tests are performed: 25 psi for ASSE 1003 versus 30 psi for ASSE 1103.

ASSE 1003 and 1103 standards are recognized in the United States as well as Canada. This allows clients to display the cASSE mark should they choose to do so. ASSE encourages clients to adopt the cASSE mark whenever possible. With the ever-increasing list of harmonized standards, the cASSE mark is becoming increasingly common. The time and money associated with keeping multiple certifications increases with a listee’s ever-changing product portfolio. At ASSE, you have a certification partner who understands the importance of speed to market, simplification, and cost reduction. ASSE’s expanded testing capabilities means that both new and existing clients can consolidate all their certifications, to multiple industry standards, under one umbrella — ASSE International.

To update your certifications, please contact: staffengineer@asse-plumbing.org.

The post ASSE 1003 vs ASSE 1103 appeared first on Working Pressure Magazine.

It is also worth noting that this is the second Canadian national product standard published by ASSE International. The new standard covers devices that are pilot-operated, diaphragm type pressure-reducing valves. The size range specified is 1 ¼-inch to 12-inch nominal, and the minimum working pressure is 250 psi.

The reader may recognize that a standard exists for water pressure reducing valves, ASSE 1003/CSA B356. This is correct. While ASSE 1003/CSA B356 is harmonized with the CSA Group, ASSE 1103 was published entirely by ASSE and was developed using the ANSI and SCC process.

The difference between the products covered by these standards is in how the device activates to maintain outlet pressure. An ASSE 1003/CSA B356 device uses a direct-acting spring-loaded valve to control pressure, while an ASSE 1103 device uses a pilot valve to drive the main valve to control pressure. The advantage of the pilot operation is that you can have larger sizes.

With regard to the requirements of ASSE 1103, they are similar to ASSE 1003/CSA B356. Products are evaluated for the performance of the seals and the ability to function at the higher temperatures (testing at 140 degrees Fahrenheit). Other requirements are to ensure that the device can control pressure under minimum conditions and still have the adjustment range necessary.

The ASSE 1103 standard is a good addition to the portfolio of standards already published by ASSE International. Previously no standard existed for pilot-operated reducing valves, especially the larger sizes. ASSE 1103 is an important standard in that it defines the proper performance of the pilot-operated reducing valve for the industry.

The post New ASSE 1103 Standard appeared first on Working Pressure Magazine.

MARK:
The Wilkins 350ASTDA is a double check detector assembly (DCDA). It is available in 2 1/2″-10″ sizes and has been in production since 2011. The body is made of stainless steel. The 350ASTDA utilizes a 3/4″ 950XLD for the bypass assembly. The repair procedures for the 350ASTDA series are similar to the 350ADA series, but it is important to note that the internal parts are different and do not interchange. No special tools are needed to repair this assembly.

DOUG:
The 350ASTDA has a single access cover. The cover is secured by a grooved coupling and there is no spring load. This assembly has check valves that are modular in design and are sometimes referred to as “compound checks.” The springs are completely contained and the check valve modules are secured by retainers and o-ring sealed into the device body. Note: The first check must be removed before the second check can be removed. To service the checks they must be removed from the device. You will notice that the first check has a plastic ring retainer. The tabs for the retainer are exposed in the 12 o’clock position. Simply pinch the tabs together, push down, and then pull downstream. The check can now be removed by pulling it straight out of the body.

MARK:
Once the first check is out, we can remove the second check. The second check is secured by two separate spring loaded plate retainers. They are located at the 12 and 6 o’clock positions. Pinch the sides of the spring together and rotate the plates out of the body groove, one at a time. The second check can now be removed by pulling it straight out of the body. Now that the modules have been removed, we must disassemble them to access the check discs. Note that the spring tension is contained when the check is taken apart. Be cautious to not remove any hardware from the spring side of the module. The downstream side of the check will have 4 hex head bolts that need to be removed. Once they have been removed, you can separate the disc retainer from the module and the disc is free to be replaced. It is also important to inspect the seat. The seat is an integral part of the check module, so if there is any damage the entire check must be replaced.

DOUG:
Once that service has been completed, simply reassemble each module in reverse order. As you reinstall the checks into the body, make sure the rollers are positioned at 3 and 9 o’clock so they will not get in the way of the retainers. Install the plastic retainer for check valve #1 by inserting one end into the body groove and then sliding your hand around the face of the retainer pushing it into the groove as you go. It will snap into place when it is fully seated. Install each of the wire retainers for check valve #2 into the body groove, one at a time. Pinch the sides of the spring together and rotate the plates into the body groove.

The post 4” Wilkins Model 350ASTDA appeared first on Working Pressure Magazine.

ASSE International is a third-party certification organization that prides itself on administering the best possible unbiased examination in the industry. We utilize our subject matter experts to ensure that the test items are written properly, reflect current protocols in the industry, and that we are administering an examination that measures the test taker’s knowledge, skills and abilities.

Candidates must show they have an in-depth understanding of water-based fire protection systems so that employers and building owners will have the confidence that their systems have been inspected, tested and maintained properly.

ASSE/IAPMO/ANSI Series 15000-2024, Professional Qualifications Standard for the Inspection, Testing and Maintenance of Water-Based Fire Protection Systems, was recently updated and approved by the ASSE Board of Directors. Here is one of the changes made to the standard in relation to professional qualifications and eligibility requirements:

Must be at least 21 years of age, provide 100 hours of documented training related to inspection, testing, and maintenance of water-based fire protection systems. and have either:

1. Completed a 5-year state or federally approved fire sprinkler apprenticeship program, OR
2. A minimum of 5 years of acceptable documented practical experience in the water-based fire sprinkler industry with at least 3 years of this experience consisting of inspection, testing, and maintenance activities.

NFPA 11, Standard for Low-, Medium- and High-Expansion Foam; NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems; NFPA 14, Standard for the Installation of Standpipe and Hose Systems; NFPA 20, Standard for the Installation of Stationary Pumps for Fire Protection; NFPA 22, Standard for Water Tanks for Private Fire Protection; NFPA 24, Standard for Installation of Private Fire Service Mains and Their Appurtenances; NFPA 25, Standard for the Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance of Water-Based Fire Protection Systems; NFPA 750, Standard on Water Mist Fire Protection Systems

In addition to those requirements, the candidate must have successfully completed an all-encompassing training course that is 40 hours or more and covers all aspects of ASSE Standard 15010 on inspection, training, and maintenance of water-based fire protection systems through an ASSE 15000-approved school.

The candidate must also pass an exam that is a minimum of 200 questions, encompasses all aspects of ASSE Standard 15010, and receive a score of 75% or greater. The exam breakdown has also been updated (see the table above).

These new guidelines will take effect during the first quarter of 2025. All ASSE-approved schools that teach the ASSE 15010 Standard will be provided with more detailed information prior to this change taking effect.

Having a certified individual on your team will enhance credibility to clients and mitigate the risk of potentially catastrophic events taking place in a building, which could mean the difference between life and death in some instances.

Overall, the ASSE 15010 certification is a valuable credential for professionals offering benefits that span individual career growth, organizational safety, and regulatory compliance. If you are interested in becoming certified or have questions about the new guidelines for individuals to qualify for the ASSE 15010 examination, please go to www.asse-plumbing.org for more information.

The post Upcoming Changes to ASSE 15010 Program appeared first on Working Pressure Magazine.

In each issue of Working Pressure magazine, we will present you with Test Pressure – 10 test questions based on ASSE standards to test your ability to operate under normal working conditions.

This issue, we test you on backflow prevention and fire protection.

BACKFLOW PREVENTION QUIZ

FIRE PROTECTION QUIZ

The post Backflow Prevention and Fire Protection Quiz appeared first on Working Pressure Magazine.